Here's an article by Simeon Margolis, M.D., Ph.D.. Check out is articles on Yahoo! Health.
Although there are many forms of aerobic exercise, I will focus on walking--the most convenient and common type of aerobic exercise. So what is the right amount of exercise, and why is it important?
Aim for 30 minutes a day/5 days a week
Most of us know that the major benefits of aerobic exercise are increased fitness and maintenance or loss of weight. The American Heart Association (AHA) and the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) recommend that adults walk at a moderate pace (2 to 3 miles per hour or briskly enough to noticeably increase their heart rate) for 30 minutes at least 5 days a week. The 30 minute minimum can be achieved by performing several bouts, each lasting 10 minutes or more.
Improved fitness brings benefits but also risks
Improving fitness offers a number of health benefits that we all need, such as better circulation, lower blood pressure, and overall increased strength. Also, research shows that aerobic exercise improves mood and helps with better brain function in older adults. What could be better?
But there are some risks. According to Dr. Kerry Stewart, exercise physiologist and Professor of Medicine at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, the results of many studies show that while individuals who consistently do more vigorous exercises accrue greater benefits, they are also at an increased risk of musculoskeletal injury. Jogging and other vigorous exercises also raises the risk of sudden death. The AHA and ACSM define vigorous-intensity exercise, exemplified by jogging, as causing rapid breathing and a substantial increase in heart rate.
Given this, couch potatoes, people over the age of 65, and those with heart conditions or high blood pressure should contact their doctor before beginning even a program of moderately brisk walking. Also, those who have been walking at a moderate rate should consider speaking to their doctor before embarking on more intensive exercises. Already vigorous exercisers should check with their doctor if contemplating moving up to running in marathons--an increasingly popular activity for people of all ages.
For weight loss
It's worth noting that First Lady Michelle Obama has championed the Let's Move campaign, advocating 60 minutes of active play each day for children in an effort to cut down on the epidemic of childhood obesity in the U.S.
It may come as a surprise that walking at a brisk pace for 35 minutes only burns about 150 calories. So, if you're interested in losing weight, it is necessary to walk for about one hour every day. If you aren't used to this amount of activity, start out in smaller increments and build up. (I am a regular walker trying to lose weight, and though not a youngster, I have found that 60 minute walks become difficult and tiring.)
Other physical activities
The AHA and ACSM also recommend that every adult should perform activities that maintain or increase muscular strength and endurance at least two days each week.
Elderly individuals should also carry out exercises to improve their balance. Poor balance contributes importantly to falls that can cause debilitating hip fractures and even death from brain injuries. Just this week my older brother called to tell me that he lost his balance and fell (but was not injured) while walking to his garage. The National Institute on Aging website details exercises that help improve strength and balance.
How to maintain an exercise program
* Schedule your exercise time like a business or doctor's appointment
* Walk with a family member or friend
* If time constraints are a problem, consider using a pedometer to count 10,000 steps a day. In this way exercise is spread out in the course of a day so that it isn't necessary to spend 30 or more minutes exercising at a time.
Thursday, June 24, 2010
Wednesday, June 23, 2010
5 Easy Ways to Keep Your Brain Sharp
1. Chill Out
The brain remembers better when it’s relaxed, say researchers at the California Institute of Technology, so take a few minutes each day to breathe deeply or meditate. "The positive of meditation is you have focused concentration and relaxation taking place at the same time," says Elizabeth Edgerly, PhD, spokesperson for the Alzheimer's Association. "Researchers believe those things are good because they're developing new connections for your brain cells."
2. Focus on the Future
People who regularly made plans and looked forward to upcoming events had a 50 percent reduced risk of Alzheimer’s disease, according to a recent study. But don’t worry if your calendar isn’t overflowing with life-changing events. Something as simple as setting a goal to have a weekly coffee date with a friend (and keeping it) will do. "Psychologically it keeps us motivated," Dr. Edgerly says. "There's evidence that people who have a purpose in life or who are working on long-or short-term goals appear to do better." In other words, keep your brain looking forward.
3. Go for a Walk
Mildly elevated glucose levels (even if you don’t have diabetes) can harm the area of the brain that helps you form memories, say Columbia University researchers. Experts agree that physical activity can help get blood glucose down to normal levels. In fact, the strongest evidence is regarding the effect of physical activity on the brain. Dr. Edgerly says, "When you exercise, you release chemicals that are good for your brain. It's like a mini fountain of youth in your brain, and the only way you can get it is exercise." In other words, when you take care of your heart, you take care of your brain.
4. Snack on Berries
Blueberries have compounds called anthocyanins that help communication between brain cells and appear to improve memory, says Robert Krikorian, PhD, professor of psychiatry and behavioral neuroscience at the University of Cincinnati. In general, Dr. Edgerly says the darker the fruit or vegetable, the better. She adds, "It's a healthy, well-rounded diet, especially one that mimics a Mediterranean diet, and that's fish, lots of fruits and vegetables, and red wine, everyone likes the red wine part."
5. Learn Something New
Take a Spanish class online, join a knitting club, or learn to play poker. A UC Irvine study found that mental stimulation limits the debilitating effects of aging on memory and the mind. But the best thing for your brain, Dr. Edgerly insists, is when you combine learning something new with physical activity. "It should be something like dancing, or coaching a sport. Or go learn golf with your girlfriends. That sort of thing is even better for your brain than, say, a crossword puzzle.”
The brain remembers better when it’s relaxed, say researchers at the California Institute of Technology, so take a few minutes each day to breathe deeply or meditate. "The positive of meditation is you have focused concentration and relaxation taking place at the same time," says Elizabeth Edgerly, PhD, spokesperson for the Alzheimer's Association. "Researchers believe those things are good because they're developing new connections for your brain cells."
2. Focus on the Future
People who regularly made plans and looked forward to upcoming events had a 50 percent reduced risk of Alzheimer’s disease, according to a recent study. But don’t worry if your calendar isn’t overflowing with life-changing events. Something as simple as setting a goal to have a weekly coffee date with a friend (and keeping it) will do. "Psychologically it keeps us motivated," Dr. Edgerly says. "There's evidence that people who have a purpose in life or who are working on long-or short-term goals appear to do better." In other words, keep your brain looking forward.
3. Go for a Walk
Mildly elevated glucose levels (even if you don’t have diabetes) can harm the area of the brain that helps you form memories, say Columbia University researchers. Experts agree that physical activity can help get blood glucose down to normal levels. In fact, the strongest evidence is regarding the effect of physical activity on the brain. Dr. Edgerly says, "When you exercise, you release chemicals that are good for your brain. It's like a mini fountain of youth in your brain, and the only way you can get it is exercise." In other words, when you take care of your heart, you take care of your brain.
4. Snack on Berries
Blueberries have compounds called anthocyanins that help communication between brain cells and appear to improve memory, says Robert Krikorian, PhD, professor of psychiatry and behavioral neuroscience at the University of Cincinnati. In general, Dr. Edgerly says the darker the fruit or vegetable, the better. She adds, "It's a healthy, well-rounded diet, especially one that mimics a Mediterranean diet, and that's fish, lots of fruits and vegetables, and red wine, everyone likes the red wine part."
5. Learn Something New
Take a Spanish class online, join a knitting club, or learn to play poker. A UC Irvine study found that mental stimulation limits the debilitating effects of aging on memory and the mind. But the best thing for your brain, Dr. Edgerly insists, is when you combine learning something new with physical activity. "It should be something like dancing, or coaching a sport. Or go learn golf with your girlfriends. That sort of thing is even better for your brain than, say, a crossword puzzle.”
Thursday, May 6, 2010
10 Questions to ask your Doc
Here's an article written by By Pamela F. Gallin, MD
Ten minutes: That's often all the time you have with your doctor. Whether you're seeing an internist, pediatrician or specialist, during that brief period the physician needs to listen to your complaints, make an assessment and clearly explain a recommended treatment.
To make the most of your time, even in the ER, you have to be prepared. By asking the right questions, you can direct the doctor's decision making. Your MD is morally obligated to address your concerns honestly and directly. That might mean running an extra test, taking a second look or even getting another, more senior opinion on your symptoms or treatment.
PLUS: 15 Secrets the ER Staff Won't Tell You
In my career as a surgeon, I have found there are key, little-known questions about specific symptoms and life situations that could make a difference in the outcome of your care--and potentially save your life. Here, ten common conditions and the questions you need to ask.
Back Pain and Joint Pain
Back and joint pain are often thought of as an inevitable result of injury or getting older. But pain is usually your body's way of telling you that something is very wrong. Don't ignore it. There are life-threatening diseases that mimic these aches, and it's important to catch them as early as possible. If you're experiencing constant pain in your back or joints, ask your doctor:
PLUS: 6 Mistakes Your Doctor May Be Making
Question #1: "Besides arthritis or injury, what could be causing my back pain or joint pain?"
Here are some possibilities.
* Prostate cancer and other abdominal problems
* Osteoporosis
* Lyme disease
* Lupus (systemic lupus erythematosus, or SLE)
* Swollen joints
* Bone cancer
Learn more about what symptoms to look for.
Headache
Karen (not her real name), 37, called her brother to tell him about her terrible headache. She'd suffered bad ones before, and that night she went to bed in severe pain. Her brother called to check on her in the morning but couldn't reach her. He tried her husband at work. A neighbor was sent over and, tragically, found Karen dead on the floor. She had died from a lethal brain aneurysm.
Aneurysms can be successfully treated if they're caught in time. If you're experiencing horrible, recurrent headaches or even one episode of the single most painful headache you've ever had, see a doctor and ask:
PLUS: 8 Old Wives' Tales: Which Should You Believe?
Question #2: "This is the worst headache of my life -- could it possibly be an aneurysm?"
There are many different types of headaches: cluster, sinus, migraine. An aneurysm isn't a type of headache; it's an abnormal widening or bulging of a blood vessel. Aneurysms cause severe, debilitating headaches when the blood vessel ruptures and blood enters the brain.
Aneurysms can occur as a birth defect or may develop later in life. It's estimated that five percent of the population have some type of aneurysm in the brain; these could rupture at any time. If you have a severe headache accompanied by nausea, vomiting, or seizures or any other neurological symptoms, go to the ER or call 911 immediately.
Enter for a chance to win an iPod Touch and download our Life IQ trivia game for your iPhone.
Flu
For most people, the flu is a nuisance. But for the immune-compromised, chronically ill, and aged, it can be deadly. Every year, 36,000 Americans die of the flu or its complications, and more than 200,000 are hospitalized.
But how do you know when you really have it? Flu is caused by a virus and typically lasts three to four days, with symptoms including fever, chills, aches and pains, stuffy nose and dry cough. But if they last more than a few days without improving, you need to see your doctor and ask:
Question #3: "I'm still feeling terrible. Considering my medical history, what else could be wrong with me?"
You're directing your doctor to narrow the list of possible diseases, tests and treatments. The details of your history and symptoms should lead the investigation to the right answer, helping your MD catch the problem and possibly save your life. For example, your doctor might recommend a chest x-ray or CT scan to spot pneumonia or the early stages of lung cancer. Or she may run blood tests to find infections like mononucleosis, strep, staph and Lyme disease.
PLUS: 41 Secrets Your Doctor Would Never Share
Chest Pain
If you experience sudden chest pain that radiates to the left arm, are cold and clammy and feel horrible, you could be having a heart attack. These symptoms appear more often for men than women, whose heart attacks frequently go undiagnosed.
If you don't have the classic symptoms but are experiencing chest pain on the right side, mild chest pain in the form of an ache, a general lousy feeling with shortness of breath, or heartburn and/or indigestion that won't go away, whether you're a man or a woman, call 911 or have someone drive you to the ER and ask a doctor:
Question #4: "Am I having a heart attack? Let's not wait -- can we please be sure and 'draw the enzymes'?"
When heart muscles don't get enough blood, the damaged muscle releases its enzymes into the bloodstream. You may be given other tests in the ER as well. But a simple blood test can quickly measure the levels of these enzymes and clearly indicate if you're having a heart attack.
PLUS: The 10 Healthiest Fruits
Bottom line: Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death among American men and women. Nearly twice as many die from heart disease and stroke than from all forms of cancer. Take your symptoms seriously and get immediate help.
Breast Cancer
Lorie Levy's previous mammograms were difficult to interpret because of her dense breasts. Her mother had died of breast cancer, so Lorie, 49, was anxious and wanted to cover all the bases. Although her mammogram was deemed normal, she asked:
Question #5: "Can I have an ultrasound even though my mammogram was negative?"
Sure enough, the ultrasound showed a suspicious lesion that was missed on the mammogram. Further tests confirmed it was indeed cancer. Today, five years later, Lorie knows that because she caught the tumor in its earliest stages, she received the right treatment and is now cancer free.
PLUS: The 10 Healthiest Vegetables
The lesson here is not that ultrasounds are better than traditional mammograms. In fact, it's the combination of the two that yields the best results. Mammography is still the gold standard for screening, and new technologies, such as breast ultrasound and MRI, may enhance the effectiveness of screening and diagnosis.
"Breast cancer screening is not one-size-fits-all," says Freya Schnabel, MD, chief of breast surgery at Columbia University Medical Center in New York City. "It needs to be individualized--to the particular patient, her risk of breast cancer and the density of her breasts. Mammography alone is not always the most sensitive test for a woman with dense breasts, and ultrasound can be a useful additional test. If a woman is at very high risk, an MRI may be appropriate. But this is an expensive resource that has lots of false positives, so it's not for everyone."
Before your internist or gynecologist schedules your mammogram, make sure to discuss your health situation and ask about ultrasound. Together, you can determine if additional, more sensitive testing is required. And before you have a biopsy, ask for hard copies of your test results and get a second opinion.
PLUS: 11 Exotic Origins of Everyday Things
Stroke
After the onset of a stroke, you have a three-hour window of opportunity in which clot-busting drugs could save your life and reduce damage. Stroke symptoms can occur all over the body, but most strokes occur in the brain. Signs include sudden difficulty speaking or mental confusion, inability to use an arm or a leg, and facial paralysis, usually on one side. You can also have a mild stroke with less dramatic symptoms, but it's just as important to treat. As soon as you think you or someone you know might be experiencing a stroke, call 911 and at the ER ask:
Question #6: "Could my mother be having a stroke? What about giving clot-busting drugs right now?"
Every 45 seconds, someone in the country has a stroke. Clot-busting medication called tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) dissolves the clot so that further damage is prevented and existing symptoms may be reversed. Unfortunately, this medication must be used within the first three hours of a stroke, so don't dawdle: Be an impatient patient, get to a hospital ASAP and ask for this lifesaving medicine. Make sure you're thoroughly screened afterward so you can find out why this happened in the first place.
PLUS: 11 Drugs You Can Grow at Home
Abdominal Pain
Walter Johnson, 54, felt abdominal discomfort one evening at his weekend retreat in upstate New York. The next morning, even though he didn't have a temperature, he couldn't stop shaking. His wife drove him 40 miles to see his doctor, who couldn't determine a definitive diagnosis and sent Walter to the local ER.
But when he arrived, Walter wasn't experiencing any symptoms other than fatigue and acute uneasiness: His temperature was normal, and he'd stopped shaking. The triage team in the ER turned their attention to other patients with more severe issues. A little while later, though, Walter was feeling worse. His temperature spiked to a scary 104, and his case was moved to high alert.
An ER doctor examined him and pressed on his abdomen, but Walter didn't feel any pain. The doctor was concerned because of the fever and began to think of the most likely diagnoses. He ordered an abdominal CT scan with contrast, a type of x-ray that shows not only bones but also all the organs and other structures inside the body. Walter drank a dye that highlighted his GI tract. It showed that he was suffering from appendicitis and that his appendix was not in the classic location. You can learn from his experience and remember to ask:
Question #7: "Should I have an abdominal CT scan or other tests before going to the OR?"
The doctor was surprised it was appendicitis, because Walter wasn't suffering from the usual severe abdominal pain on the lower right side. But if the test had not been ordered with contrast, his appendix would likely have ruptured and his condition could have been life threatening. Walter was quickly wheeled into surgery for an emergency appendectomy.
PLUS: 10 Super Foods for Diabetics
Every year, more than 250,000 Americans get appendicitis. Yet many of them are misdiagnosed. Other serious medical conditions can mimic appendicitis, including an ovarian cyst, tubal pregnancy, certain forms of diverticulitis (a type of inflammation in the intestines) and sexually transmitted pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
Other culprits: inflammatory diseases stemming from an ulcer, gallbladder disease, or a liver abscess--and even kidney disease and colon cancer. So before any surgical procedure, make sure your doctor has utilized every available test to determine the right diagnosis before you are wheeled into the operating room.
PLUS: 10 Tips for Healthy, White Teeth
Childbirth
No one plans to have an obstetrical emergency, but it does happen every day. Childbirth is often quite complicated and can put both mother and newborn in jeopardy. So if you're pregnant and trying to decide where to deliver your baby, ask your obstetrician:
Question #8: "Which types of doctors are always physically present in my hospital, in case I need them to take care of me and my baby in an emergency?"
Anesthesiologists are doctors who prescribe and administer anesthesia during surgery. They will be present in an operating room in the case of a cesarean section or premature labor or other serious complication. If possible, you should make sure there's an anesthesiologist in the hospital at all times: reachable on the golf course or while out for dinner may not be good enough.
Newborns are patients, too, and have special requirements. Babies need to have a pediatrician working on-site. Your baby may need emergency treatment directly after birth, even if the delivery went smoothly.
The gold standard is a hospital with a neonatal intensive care unit or reasonable access to one. This facility is used for all newborns with critical problems, not just for preemies. So shop around for a medical center with these services, and make sure your doctor is affiliated with the hospital where you want to deliver. (If you don't have access to a hospital with all these features in your area, be sure to talk to your OB about an emergency contingency plan.)
PLUS: Expert Tips to Live Healthy
Child's Head Trauma
We're not always present every time our kids trip, get hit in the head or fall off the junglegym. Yet injuries from sports, minor accidents or even child abuse can cause eye and brain damage. They show up as a range of behavior changes that can signal a life-threatening problem from head trauma. If your child isn't acting like himself and is unusually sleepy, inattentive or agitated, take him to the doctor and ask:
Question #9: "Could a head injury or trauma account for my child's symptoms?"
Every year, at least 1.4 million Americans sustain a traumatic brain injury, making it a leading cause of death and disability in children and young adults. The symptoms, subtle or severe, can point to a range of problems. Concussions happen when the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord has been throttled. A more serious problem occurs when there is progressive pooling of blood from a torn vessel on the surface of the brain (subdural hematoma) -- a medical emergency requiring surgery. Retinal hemorrhages (bleeding in the eye) are easily visible changes, helping doctors diagnose shaken baby syndrome and significant repetitive injuries from sports.
Other signs on a doctor's exam: slight weakness in the arms and legs, or abnormal pupil responses. Testing should include a CT scan and a full eye and neurological exam. The best prevention? Helmets.
PLUS: 5 Backyard Dangers to Avoid
Macular Degeneration
Macular degeneration, which affects the center of your vision and can begin as early as age 50, is reaching crisis levels: It is the leading cause of blindness in America. More than ten million people have reduced vision due to the disease, with 200,000 new cases every year. If you've been diagnosed with macular degeneration, talk to an ophthalmologist and ask:
Question #10: "Can the new medications I've heard about, Lucentis and Avastin, apply to me?"
In June 2006, two important drugs made headlines and quickly improved the lives of patients. Lucentis, which was approved by the FDA, not only halts the progression of macular degeneration but also can reestablish better vision. A second medication, Avastin, was already approved for treatment of colon cancer and is now being used by ophthalmologists to help those with macular degeneration. Talk with your eye doctor to see if they might be right for you.
Ten minutes: That's often all the time you have with your doctor. Whether you're seeing an internist, pediatrician or specialist, during that brief period the physician needs to listen to your complaints, make an assessment and clearly explain a recommended treatment.
To make the most of your time, even in the ER, you have to be prepared. By asking the right questions, you can direct the doctor's decision making. Your MD is morally obligated to address your concerns honestly and directly. That might mean running an extra test, taking a second look or even getting another, more senior opinion on your symptoms or treatment.
PLUS: 15 Secrets the ER Staff Won't Tell You
In my career as a surgeon, I have found there are key, little-known questions about specific symptoms and life situations that could make a difference in the outcome of your care--and potentially save your life. Here, ten common conditions and the questions you need to ask.
Back Pain and Joint Pain
Back and joint pain are often thought of as an inevitable result of injury or getting older. But pain is usually your body's way of telling you that something is very wrong. Don't ignore it. There are life-threatening diseases that mimic these aches, and it's important to catch them as early as possible. If you're experiencing constant pain in your back or joints, ask your doctor:
PLUS: 6 Mistakes Your Doctor May Be Making
Question #1: "Besides arthritis or injury, what could be causing my back pain or joint pain?"
Here are some possibilities.
* Prostate cancer and other abdominal problems
* Osteoporosis
* Lyme disease
* Lupus (systemic lupus erythematosus, or SLE)
* Swollen joints
* Bone cancer
Learn more about what symptoms to look for.
Headache
Karen (not her real name), 37, called her brother to tell him about her terrible headache. She'd suffered bad ones before, and that night she went to bed in severe pain. Her brother called to check on her in the morning but couldn't reach her. He tried her husband at work. A neighbor was sent over and, tragically, found Karen dead on the floor. She had died from a lethal brain aneurysm.
Aneurysms can be successfully treated if they're caught in time. If you're experiencing horrible, recurrent headaches or even one episode of the single most painful headache you've ever had, see a doctor and ask:
PLUS: 8 Old Wives' Tales: Which Should You Believe?
Question #2: "This is the worst headache of my life -- could it possibly be an aneurysm?"
There are many different types of headaches: cluster, sinus, migraine. An aneurysm isn't a type of headache; it's an abnormal widening or bulging of a blood vessel. Aneurysms cause severe, debilitating headaches when the blood vessel ruptures and blood enters the brain.
Aneurysms can occur as a birth defect or may develop later in life. It's estimated that five percent of the population have some type of aneurysm in the brain; these could rupture at any time. If you have a severe headache accompanied by nausea, vomiting, or seizures or any other neurological symptoms, go to the ER or call 911 immediately.
Enter for a chance to win an iPod Touch and download our Life IQ trivia game for your iPhone.
Flu
For most people, the flu is a nuisance. But for the immune-compromised, chronically ill, and aged, it can be deadly. Every year, 36,000 Americans die of the flu or its complications, and more than 200,000 are hospitalized.
But how do you know when you really have it? Flu is caused by a virus and typically lasts three to four days, with symptoms including fever, chills, aches and pains, stuffy nose and dry cough. But if they last more than a few days without improving, you need to see your doctor and ask:
Question #3: "I'm still feeling terrible. Considering my medical history, what else could be wrong with me?"
You're directing your doctor to narrow the list of possible diseases, tests and treatments. The details of your history and symptoms should lead the investigation to the right answer, helping your MD catch the problem and possibly save your life. For example, your doctor might recommend a chest x-ray or CT scan to spot pneumonia or the early stages of lung cancer. Or she may run blood tests to find infections like mononucleosis, strep, staph and Lyme disease.
PLUS: 41 Secrets Your Doctor Would Never Share
Chest Pain
If you experience sudden chest pain that radiates to the left arm, are cold and clammy and feel horrible, you could be having a heart attack. These symptoms appear more often for men than women, whose heart attacks frequently go undiagnosed.
If you don't have the classic symptoms but are experiencing chest pain on the right side, mild chest pain in the form of an ache, a general lousy feeling with shortness of breath, or heartburn and/or indigestion that won't go away, whether you're a man or a woman, call 911 or have someone drive you to the ER and ask a doctor:
Question #4: "Am I having a heart attack? Let's not wait -- can we please be sure and 'draw the enzymes'?"
When heart muscles don't get enough blood, the damaged muscle releases its enzymes into the bloodstream. You may be given other tests in the ER as well. But a simple blood test can quickly measure the levels of these enzymes and clearly indicate if you're having a heart attack.
PLUS: The 10 Healthiest Fruits
Bottom line: Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death among American men and women. Nearly twice as many die from heart disease and stroke than from all forms of cancer. Take your symptoms seriously and get immediate help.
Breast Cancer
Lorie Levy's previous mammograms were difficult to interpret because of her dense breasts. Her mother had died of breast cancer, so Lorie, 49, was anxious and wanted to cover all the bases. Although her mammogram was deemed normal, she asked:
Question #5: "Can I have an ultrasound even though my mammogram was negative?"
Sure enough, the ultrasound showed a suspicious lesion that was missed on the mammogram. Further tests confirmed it was indeed cancer. Today, five years later, Lorie knows that because she caught the tumor in its earliest stages, she received the right treatment and is now cancer free.
PLUS: The 10 Healthiest Vegetables
The lesson here is not that ultrasounds are better than traditional mammograms. In fact, it's the combination of the two that yields the best results. Mammography is still the gold standard for screening, and new technologies, such as breast ultrasound and MRI, may enhance the effectiveness of screening and diagnosis.
"Breast cancer screening is not one-size-fits-all," says Freya Schnabel, MD, chief of breast surgery at Columbia University Medical Center in New York City. "It needs to be individualized--to the particular patient, her risk of breast cancer and the density of her breasts. Mammography alone is not always the most sensitive test for a woman with dense breasts, and ultrasound can be a useful additional test. If a woman is at very high risk, an MRI may be appropriate. But this is an expensive resource that has lots of false positives, so it's not for everyone."
Before your internist or gynecologist schedules your mammogram, make sure to discuss your health situation and ask about ultrasound. Together, you can determine if additional, more sensitive testing is required. And before you have a biopsy, ask for hard copies of your test results and get a second opinion.
PLUS: 11 Exotic Origins of Everyday Things
Stroke
After the onset of a stroke, you have a three-hour window of opportunity in which clot-busting drugs could save your life and reduce damage. Stroke symptoms can occur all over the body, but most strokes occur in the brain. Signs include sudden difficulty speaking or mental confusion, inability to use an arm or a leg, and facial paralysis, usually on one side. You can also have a mild stroke with less dramatic symptoms, but it's just as important to treat. As soon as you think you or someone you know might be experiencing a stroke, call 911 and at the ER ask:
Question #6: "Could my mother be having a stroke? What about giving clot-busting drugs right now?"
Every 45 seconds, someone in the country has a stroke. Clot-busting medication called tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) dissolves the clot so that further damage is prevented and existing symptoms may be reversed. Unfortunately, this medication must be used within the first three hours of a stroke, so don't dawdle: Be an impatient patient, get to a hospital ASAP and ask for this lifesaving medicine. Make sure you're thoroughly screened afterward so you can find out why this happened in the first place.
PLUS: 11 Drugs You Can Grow at Home
Abdominal Pain
Walter Johnson, 54, felt abdominal discomfort one evening at his weekend retreat in upstate New York. The next morning, even though he didn't have a temperature, he couldn't stop shaking. His wife drove him 40 miles to see his doctor, who couldn't determine a definitive diagnosis and sent Walter to the local ER.
But when he arrived, Walter wasn't experiencing any symptoms other than fatigue and acute uneasiness: His temperature was normal, and he'd stopped shaking. The triage team in the ER turned their attention to other patients with more severe issues. A little while later, though, Walter was feeling worse. His temperature spiked to a scary 104, and his case was moved to high alert.
An ER doctor examined him and pressed on his abdomen, but Walter didn't feel any pain. The doctor was concerned because of the fever and began to think of the most likely diagnoses. He ordered an abdominal CT scan with contrast, a type of x-ray that shows not only bones but also all the organs and other structures inside the body. Walter drank a dye that highlighted his GI tract. It showed that he was suffering from appendicitis and that his appendix was not in the classic location. You can learn from his experience and remember to ask:
Question #7: "Should I have an abdominal CT scan or other tests before going to the OR?"
The doctor was surprised it was appendicitis, because Walter wasn't suffering from the usual severe abdominal pain on the lower right side. But if the test had not been ordered with contrast, his appendix would likely have ruptured and his condition could have been life threatening. Walter was quickly wheeled into surgery for an emergency appendectomy.
PLUS: 10 Super Foods for Diabetics
Every year, more than 250,000 Americans get appendicitis. Yet many of them are misdiagnosed. Other serious medical conditions can mimic appendicitis, including an ovarian cyst, tubal pregnancy, certain forms of diverticulitis (a type of inflammation in the intestines) and sexually transmitted pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
Other culprits: inflammatory diseases stemming from an ulcer, gallbladder disease, or a liver abscess--and even kidney disease and colon cancer. So before any surgical procedure, make sure your doctor has utilized every available test to determine the right diagnosis before you are wheeled into the operating room.
PLUS: 10 Tips for Healthy, White Teeth
Childbirth
No one plans to have an obstetrical emergency, but it does happen every day. Childbirth is often quite complicated and can put both mother and newborn in jeopardy. So if you're pregnant and trying to decide where to deliver your baby, ask your obstetrician:
Question #8: "Which types of doctors are always physically present in my hospital, in case I need them to take care of me and my baby in an emergency?"
Anesthesiologists are doctors who prescribe and administer anesthesia during surgery. They will be present in an operating room in the case of a cesarean section or premature labor or other serious complication. If possible, you should make sure there's an anesthesiologist in the hospital at all times: reachable on the golf course or while out for dinner may not be good enough.
Newborns are patients, too, and have special requirements. Babies need to have a pediatrician working on-site. Your baby may need emergency treatment directly after birth, even if the delivery went smoothly.
The gold standard is a hospital with a neonatal intensive care unit or reasonable access to one. This facility is used for all newborns with critical problems, not just for preemies. So shop around for a medical center with these services, and make sure your doctor is affiliated with the hospital where you want to deliver. (If you don't have access to a hospital with all these features in your area, be sure to talk to your OB about an emergency contingency plan.)
PLUS: Expert Tips to Live Healthy
Child's Head Trauma
We're not always present every time our kids trip, get hit in the head or fall off the junglegym. Yet injuries from sports, minor accidents or even child abuse can cause eye and brain damage. They show up as a range of behavior changes that can signal a life-threatening problem from head trauma. If your child isn't acting like himself and is unusually sleepy, inattentive or agitated, take him to the doctor and ask:
Question #9: "Could a head injury or trauma account for my child's symptoms?"
Every year, at least 1.4 million Americans sustain a traumatic brain injury, making it a leading cause of death and disability in children and young adults. The symptoms, subtle or severe, can point to a range of problems. Concussions happen when the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord has been throttled. A more serious problem occurs when there is progressive pooling of blood from a torn vessel on the surface of the brain (subdural hematoma) -- a medical emergency requiring surgery. Retinal hemorrhages (bleeding in the eye) are easily visible changes, helping doctors diagnose shaken baby syndrome and significant repetitive injuries from sports.
Other signs on a doctor's exam: slight weakness in the arms and legs, or abnormal pupil responses. Testing should include a CT scan and a full eye and neurological exam. The best prevention? Helmets.
PLUS: 5 Backyard Dangers to Avoid
Macular Degeneration
Macular degeneration, which affects the center of your vision and can begin as early as age 50, is reaching crisis levels: It is the leading cause of blindness in America. More than ten million people have reduced vision due to the disease, with 200,000 new cases every year. If you've been diagnosed with macular degeneration, talk to an ophthalmologist and ask:
Question #10: "Can the new medications I've heard about, Lucentis and Avastin, apply to me?"
In June 2006, two important drugs made headlines and quickly improved the lives of patients. Lucentis, which was approved by the FDA, not only halts the progression of macular degeneration but also can reestablish better vision. A second medication, Avastin, was already approved for treatment of colon cancer and is now being used by ophthalmologists to help those with macular degeneration. Talk with your eye doctor to see if they might be right for you.
Tuesday, April 27, 2010
Bad habits can age you by 12 years, study suggests
By LINDSEY TANNER, AP Medical Writer - Mon Apr 26, 6:26 PM PDT
Here's an interesting article I came across by Lindsey Tanner that discusses bad habbits that can place a harsh toll on the body than one believes. I'm going to paraphase the artile, but you can read it in its entirety with the link provided above.
Enjoy.
Four common bad habits combined — smoking, drinking too much, inactivity and poor diet — can age you by 12 years, sobering new research suggests.
The findings are from a study that tracked nearly 5,000 British adults for 20 years, and they highlight yet another reason to adopt a healthier lifestyle.
Overall, 314 people studied had all four unhealthy behaviors. Among them, 91 died during the study, or 29 percent. Among the 387 healthiest people with none of the four habits, only 32 died, or about 8 percent.
The risky behaviors were: smoking tobacco; downing more than three alcoholic drinks per day for men and more than two daily for women; getting less than two hours of physical activity per week; and eating fruits and vegetables fewer than three times daily.
The healthiest group included never-smokers and those who had quit; teetotalers, women who had fewer than two drinks daily and men who had fewer than three; those who got at least two hours of physical activity weekly; and those who ate fruits and vegetables at least three times daily.
You don't need to be extreme" to be in the healthy category, Kvaavik said. "These behaviors add up, so together it's quite good. It should be possible for most people to manage to do it."
For example, one carrot, one apple and a glass of orange juice would suffice for the fruit and vegetable cutoffs in the study, Kvaavik said, noting that the amounts are pretty modest and less strict than many guidelines.
The U.S. government generally recommends at least 4 cups of fruits or vegetables daily for adults, depending on age and activity level; and about 2 1/2 hours of exercise weekly.
Death certificates were checked for the next 20 years. The most common causes of death included heart disease and cancer, both related to unhealthy lifestyles.
Here's an interesting article I came across by Lindsey Tanner that discusses bad habbits that can place a harsh toll on the body than one believes. I'm going to paraphase the artile, but you can read it in its entirety with the link provided above.
Enjoy.
Four common bad habits combined — smoking, drinking too much, inactivity and poor diet — can age you by 12 years, sobering new research suggests.
The findings are from a study that tracked nearly 5,000 British adults for 20 years, and they highlight yet another reason to adopt a healthier lifestyle.
Overall, 314 people studied had all four unhealthy behaviors. Among them, 91 died during the study, or 29 percent. Among the 387 healthiest people with none of the four habits, only 32 died, or about 8 percent.
The risky behaviors were: smoking tobacco; downing more than three alcoholic drinks per day for men and more than two daily for women; getting less than two hours of physical activity per week; and eating fruits and vegetables fewer than three times daily.
The healthiest group included never-smokers and those who had quit; teetotalers, women who had fewer than two drinks daily and men who had fewer than three; those who got at least two hours of physical activity weekly; and those who ate fruits and vegetables at least three times daily.
You don't need to be extreme" to be in the healthy category, Kvaavik said. "These behaviors add up, so together it's quite good. It should be possible for most people to manage to do it."
For example, one carrot, one apple and a glass of orange juice would suffice for the fruit and vegetable cutoffs in the study, Kvaavik said, noting that the amounts are pretty modest and less strict than many guidelines.
The U.S. government generally recommends at least 4 cups of fruits or vegetables daily for adults, depending on age and activity level; and about 2 1/2 hours of exercise weekly.
Death certificates were checked for the next 20 years. The most common causes of death included heart disease and cancer, both related to unhealthy lifestyles.
Friday, March 19, 2010
Seven Signs of Cancer
Someone whom I worked with has been diagnosed with Cancer. He's had it for awhile now and had no symptoms until his latest physical.
Here are some visible symptoms of Cancer. Get your physical every year. Don't wait until its too late. Worry about it now, instead of tomorrow.
Warning Signs
1. Unusual bleeding/discharge
-Blood in urine or stool
-Discharge from any parts of your body, for example nipples, penis, etc.
2. A sore which does not heal
Sores that:
+ don't seem to be getting better over time
+ are getting bigger
+ getting more painful
+ are starting to bleed
3. Change in bowel or bladder habits
- Changes in the color, consistency, size, or shape of stools. (diarrhea, constipated)
- Blood present in urine or stool
4. Lump in breast or other part of the body
- Any lump found in the breast when doing a self examination.
- Any lump in the scrotum when doing a self exam. Other lumps found on the body.
5. Nagging cough
Sometimes called a 'hoarse cough'
- Change in voice/hoarsness
- Cough that does not go away
- Sputum with blood
6. Obvious change in moles
Use the ABCD RULE
Asymmetry: Does the mole look the same in all parts or are there differences?
Border: Are the borders sharp or ragged?
Color: What are the colors seen in the mole?
Diameter: Is the mole bigger than a pencil erasr (6 mm)?
7. Difficulty in swallowing
Feeling of pressure in throat or chest which makes swallowing uncomfortable
Feeling full without food or with a small amount of food
Here are some visible symptoms of Cancer. Get your physical every year. Don't wait until its too late. Worry about it now, instead of tomorrow.
Warning Signs
1. Unusual bleeding/discharge
-Blood in urine or stool
-Discharge from any parts of your body, for example nipples, penis, etc.
2. A sore which does not heal
Sores that:
+ don't seem to be getting better over time
+ are getting bigger
+ getting more painful
+ are starting to bleed
3. Change in bowel or bladder habits
- Changes in the color, consistency, size, or shape of stools. (diarrhea, constipated)
- Blood present in urine or stool
4. Lump in breast or other part of the body
- Any lump found in the breast when doing a self examination.
- Any lump in the scrotum when doing a self exam. Other lumps found on the body.
5. Nagging cough
Sometimes called a 'hoarse cough'
- Change in voice/hoarsness
- Cough that does not go away
- Sputum with blood
6. Obvious change in moles
Use the ABCD RULE
Asymmetry: Does the mole look the same in all parts or are there differences?
Border: Are the borders sharp or ragged?
Color: What are the colors seen in the mole?
Diameter: Is the mole bigger than a pencil erasr (6 mm)?
7. Difficulty in swallowing
Feeling of pressure in throat or chest which makes swallowing uncomfortable
Feeling full without food or with a small amount of food
Thursday, March 11, 2010
Your Blood Type
After 23 years of diddle daddaling, actually I'm still diddle daddaling, I finally found out my blood type.
I am AB+, which is known as the universal recepiant. I can accept blood donations from any blood type, however I can only donate blood to specific blood group (my own)
Anywyas, I was reading up on blood types the other day(refreshing my mind on the topic) and discovered some interesting articles on the subject of Blood Types
There are some who determine characteristics based on your blood type, similar to horoscopes.
Another article discussed blood types and diets
I will post an article up soon for those interested
Live Forever
J.S.Grewal
iPhone
I am AB+, which is known as the universal recepiant. I can accept blood donations from any blood type, however I can only donate blood to specific blood group (my own)
Anywyas, I was reading up on blood types the other day(refreshing my mind on the topic) and discovered some interesting articles on the subject of Blood Types
There are some who determine characteristics based on your blood type, similar to horoscopes.
Another article discussed blood types and diets
I will post an article up soon for those interested
Live Forever
J.S.Grewal
iPhone
Thursday, January 14, 2010
Haiti Relief Fund
For anyone who frequents this blog, is a fan, or has just stumbled upon this page, please take a moment and reflect on what has occurred in Haiti.
There are moments in our lives when we can help those who cannot help themselves, most jump at the opportunity to help those in need. The situation in Haiti requires help from all, please forward this page to everyone you know. An event like this requires aid from the entire International Community.
If you can help, please donate to any of these organizations below. The country is in desperate need and can use all the help it can get.
Here are three ways you can help
1 - Donate your time, volunteer if you can
2 - Donate Blood
3 - Donate Money
In this time of need, lets not be known as the generation who stood by and did nothing.
American Red Cross
https://american.redcross.org/site/Donation2?4306.donation=form1&idb=520717783&df_id=4306&s_subsrc=RCO_NewsArticle
You can also donate via Text
http://twitter.com/redcross
Supporters can text "Haiti" to 90999 to donate $10 to the Red Cross that goes directly to Haiti Relief.
The Salvation Army - Canadian Branch
http://www.salvationarmy.ca/
The Salvation Army in Canada is sending $100,000 US in aid and has started a fundraising campaign.
World Vision Canada
World Vision is preparing to distribute emergency supplies to those affected by the earthquake. World Vision has been working in Haiti for over 30 years, helping an estimated 300,000 Haitians each year to overcome poverty through providing access to education, clean water and nutrition, as well as helping families with medical care.
http://www.worldvision.ca/give-a-gift/Pages/EarthquakeinHaiti.aspx?mc=4153730&gclid=CLT74fTHoZ8CFRh15QodZWM20w
UNICEF USA
https://secure.unicefusa.org/site/Donation2?df_id=6680&6680.donation=form1
UNICEF Canada
https://secure.unicef.ca/portal/SmartDefault.aspx?at=1211&appealID=90&CID=99
UNICEF Canada is taking donations for the earthquake in Haiti. An income tax receipt will be issued for all donations $25 or more. For donations less than $25, receipts will be issued upon request. Please email secretary@unicef.ca or call 1-800-567-4483.
Hope for Haiti
http://www.hopeforhaiti.com/donations.php
Plan Canada
Plan Canada has been operating in Haiti for nearly 40 years. Donations can be made by calling 1-800-387-1418.
___________________________________________________________________________
Contacting family members, friends
For inquiries about relatives living and who have citizenship in Haiti, please be patient and call repeatedly until the lines clear or contact other family members who live nearby. Telephone, Internet and other communication lines are often disrupted in times of disaster.
People trying to locate U.S. citizens living or traveling in Haiti should contact the U.S. Department of State, Office of Overseas Citizens Services, at 1-888-407-4747 or (202) 647-5225.
Canadians attempting to contact family members or friends in Haiti can call the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade emergency operation centre at 1-800-387-3124, or inquire by email at sos@international.gc.ca.
DFAIT is also advising Canadians who need assistance in Haiti to travel to the Canadian Embassy in Port-au-Prince on Delmas Road, between Delmas 75 and 71. Canadians can also contact embassy officials by calling 613-996-8885.